Climate Change: GHG emissions in Azerbaijan

The highest GHG emission in Azerbaijan comes from: CO2, CH4 and N2O.

As the largest greenhouse gas emitted, CO2 exhaust comes from: 97% energy sector, 38% energy generation and transformation, 16% industry, 10% transport, 15% commercial sector, 12% households, 6% agriculture and forestry, and 3% other sectors. The main carbon sinks in Azerbaijan consist of agriculture and forests. Nonetheless, CO2 emissions from stationary sources decreased from 45120 Gt in 1990 to 31375 Gt by 2005. Emissions within the transport sector dropped from  4341 Gt in 1990 to 3632 Gt in 2005.

CH4 is emitted by the agricultural sector, as a result of fermentation and manure, as well as the waste sector. In total, CH4 emissions lowered from 20036 Gt CO2 eq in 1990 to 14433 Gt CO2 eq in 2005.

N2O emission was 992 GtCO2  eq in 1990 and lowered 64% by 2005. Other emissions such as: perfluorocarbon, hydrofluorocarbon and sulfur hexafluoride, are not found at significant levels in Azerbaijan.
Future

The continued trends of development, urbanization and population growth in Azerbaijan led to an increased production of waste, which is estimated to be 13 million tons by 2025. Much of the waste comes from the capital Baku and its surrounding areas. Wastewater further expands this problem.

Aware of a greener future, Azerbaijan created the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources in 2005 to enhance Cleaner Development Mechanisms outlined in the Kyoto Protocol. Seeing that most energy in Azerbaijan is generated from burning hydrocarbons, the focus is placed on the use of renewable sources (such as wind, solar and hydropower), energy saving technology, and more efficient procedures.

Complimentary programs like the Rehabilitation and Expansion of Forests will aim to reforest 69000 hectares: 44700 hectares coming from new forests, 25000 hectares from natural recovery actions, 14300 hectares planted next to highways, water pond and coastal areas. 

Despite being an oil producing country for the past 160 years, Azerbaijan is focused on a greener and more sustainable future through the use of renewables, energy efficiency and reforestation.

Work Cited:

Republic of Azerbaijan. (2000).  “Initial national communication and date of submission.” Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources. Accessed on January 26, 2012 from: http://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/items/2979.php

Republic of Azerbaijan. (2010).  “Second National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.” Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources. Accessed on January 26, 2012 from: http://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/items/2979.php

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