CHINA DEVELPMENT AND IT’S IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

“The world of 2020 is likely to be one in which Asia is the main engine of the world economy, where China and India are major powers”. – National Intelligence Council, 2005.

This short sentence resumes what is happening in China in the last 30 years. The evolution if China economy goes hand by hand with the developing of innovation and technology.

In the past three decades, China has become a major contributor to science and technology. Four factors favor China’s continuing rise in science: a large population and human capital base, a labor market favoring good academic records, Chinese-origin scientists, and a centralized government willing to invest in science. Nowadays, China is entering in the second stage of globalization, where the service industry and the increasing in the acquisition power are two of the main pillars.

Two key factors in this increasingly globalized world are economic resources and human resources. China has both and has made good use of them in its development of science.
Today’s world of science may be characterized as having multiple centers of scientific excellence across the globe. When science in China and other fast-developing countries improves, it greatly expands the scale of science and thus speeds up scientific discoveries, benefitting the entire human race.

China government has implanted a Five-year Plan 2016-2020 which consist in a serie of initiatives focused mainly on: Innovation; Balance between countryside and cities; Greening by developing environmental technology industry and ecological living and culture; Opening up as a call for more international co-operation; and Sharing the knowledge of economic growth so to the extinguish welfare gaps.

Focusing in the Greening scope, and following the guidelines set out in the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, the country has begun to adopt a mixed model of energy consumption that gradually increases the use of clean energy to the detriment of Coal, a reduction that has been aimed at cutting consumption of this mineral by 80 million tons by 2017 and by 160 million by 2020. There will be also a decrease in the energy intensity of the country (the amount of energy used per unit of GDP growth) by 3.1% compared to the 4.8% drop in 2014. To replace a withdrawn coal from the Chinese government wants to bet on so-called renewable energy, especially solar and wind, as between China and Taiwan, about 75% of the world’s photovoltaic cells are produced and, by 2020, the aim is to achieve installed wind power of 250 Gw from the 114 at the end of 2014, figures that would certify Peking’s commitment to clean energy.

Another part of the emissions reduction plan, part of the economic reform plan for 2016-2020, is the closure of small or inefficient coal mines and the replacement of obsolete and highly polluting industrial sites with others Which, instead of coal, are fed with natural gas. Despite the progress, official figures show that pollution still causes 1,600,000 premature deaths each year in China and that coal is used in more than 65% of primary energy consumption. For all this, from Beijing consider that it is time to change course and several NGOs call for that change to go beyond the air.

The goal of avoiding the announced two-degree increase in planetary temperature by the year 2100 is on the horizon of China and other countries.

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